
Conference poster designed by BOWB.
Ten years ago almost to the day this event, the first Sequential Art Studies Conference took place on Friday, April 19, 2002 in Sydney at the University of Technology. The conference was convened by Jeremy Allen and myself, with panels chaired by Jeremy Allen, Spiros Tsaousis and I. Held in association with Supanova Pop Culture Expo with support from Daniel Zachariou, named after the term proposed by Will Eisner and inspired by ICAF, this was possibly, probably, the first scholarly conference on comics studies to be held in Australia. The conference poster was designed by BOWB.
PROGRAM
Michael Hill-Bite of the Mongrel Breed: A Study of Satire in Contemporary Australian Alternative Comics
Abstract: This paper involves an examination of the contemporary Australian alternative comics scene as a lively form of lampooning and derision in the late 20th Century. In contrast to the mainstream print media, many of the artists, creators and cartoonists involved antagonise, irritate and ridicule with their graphic humour and horror, provoking irreverent laughter as well as an element of fear and amazement within their limited audience. In so doing, they take advantage of what is a relatively unregulated outlet of creativity and visual communication. As a wide-ranging group of artists, their repertoire houses a mix of graphic styles and comic art genres and their attitude has strains of ‘larrikin’ and ‘ratbag’ humour. However, their often biting satire adds vitality to the visual culture of the nation and contributes to the ongoing critique of Australian life. No subject is sacred and Prime Ministers, Premiers, politicians, pop stars, princesses, parents, Olympic mascots, sporting champions and even subcultures have been the target of the artist’s pen as it sets out to satirise both the state of Australian affairs and personal lives through the sequential artform of the small press, alternative and independent comic.
Bio: Michael Hill is Senior Lecturer in Visual Communication and Director of the Interdisciplinary Studies Unit at UTS. Last year he curated an exhibition of contemporary Australian comics cover design at the Silicon Pulp Animation Gallery in Sydney: SAVAGE PENCILS: Art With Attitude From Alternative Comics. He is also partner in Graber Hill, publisher of the independent comic B.L.A.CK. He loves art, music, animation, comics, food, fashion, football (the round variety) and a good laugh, and hopes to one day see Australia qualify for the World Cup.
Craig Norris-Manga in Australia: erasing and re-animating Japan
Abstract: The export of manga (Japanese comics) from Japan to Australia is a journey from erasing race and culture to redrawing ideal bodies and communities. Using my two years of field research in Tokyo I argue that the export agenda of Japanese animation distributors is based on the erasure of Japanese racial characteristics and life-style to allow for easier localisation of animation and comics such as Astro Boy, Poke-Mon and Dragonball Z (Iwabuchi, 1998). I compare these producer-dominated ‘erased’ manga with the ‘redrawn’ manga of fan artists throughout Australia. I focus on the work of a number of manga fan-artists based in Sydney whose work appears in fan-zines, online, and on more unusual surfaces such as car-body art work. These manga fan-artists in Australia quote, poach, translate, and transpose from various sources to create a patchwork of improvisation (Nightingale, 1994) whilst acting out a globally recognised manga style. This growing visibility of a manga style in Australia allows fans to claim some speaking position to articulate an ideal or identification they perceive in manga. In exploring what ideals fans perceive in manga I first outline what may trigger the need for manga in these fans. I connect the emotions of shame and anger that recur during my interviews with the ideals of Japan, love, and destruction fans graft onto manga. In doing this I wish to problematise the way the Australian manga style is being framed around Japan and the West and the wider emotional and cultural significance of this Australian manga style.
Bio: Craig Norris is a PhD candidate at the University of Western Sydney. His research interests include cultural globalisation, audience-studies, and Asian/Australian popular culture flows.
Jeremy Allen-OZ.COM: Australian Comic Creators and the Web
Abstract: Over the last seven years the web has emerged as a focal point for comics culture. It is a place for fans to connect, for the purchase of latesttitles and back issues, for comic news to be broadcast, for upcoming comics to be ‘spoiled’, and for established comic companies to advertise. Significantly, it has also given a mass media voice to aspiring comic creators. In this respect, the web has become a gallery of online comics to be appreciated by potentially millions of people across the world. It is through this new method of distribution and new form of comics that the Internet has perhaps had its most revolutionary impact on comics, by producing a true alternative to the ‘offline’ comics industry. This alternative has been particularly embraced by comic creators outside of the United States, who have traditionally found it difficult to establish an international comics audience and profile regardless of their talent. This presentation will examine the global nature of the online comics movement and how a number of Australian comic creators, in particular, are utilising the Internet to promote and publish their work to a new, international audience.
Bio: Jeremy Allen is currently researching his Ph.D. on Online Comics on an Australian Postgraduate Award Scholarship in the Faculty of Design, Architecture and Building at the University of Technology, Sydney. He also tutors Design Theory and Design Research subjects and has lectured on the Internet, comics, and the music industry.
Zeldz Magnoonis-The sequential art of the skateboard sequence
Abstract: Skateboarding is an activity full of dynamic action and motion. Inevitably, attempts to capture this phenomenon require communication of this movement. Representing movement in print has obvious limitations and the most obvious solution is that of the photographic sequence. In this paper, it will be argued that these sequences can be read much like a comic strip. It will be demonstrated that they not only share characteristics of comic strips, but have developed alternative processes that could be of use to the comic creator. The innovations of skateboarding sequential narratives are understandable when one considers that it is a field that has developed independent of the comic industry and driven by documentary concerns. Since it’s earliest days, skateboarding photography has played a major role in the development of the sport. It provided a means of communicating advances in a sport for which there was no ëhow toí manual. Journalist Craig Stecyks articles about innovative new skate tricks from a highly localised group of skateboarders in the early 70ís helped to transform the perception of the sport, contributing to a national revival and transformation. By demonstrating clearly the advances being made with in the sport, photography allows for a cross pollination of ideas and expectations.
Bio: After falling into the cauldron of magic comics as a baby, monsieur Magnoonis has been addicted to the medium ever since. Currently studying visual communication, creating the mini comic Pepe’s Quest and planning an ambitious sequential narrative of timeless proportions. Inspiration from Asterix to Zen and everything between.
Kurt Brereton-From Paper to Pixels: Animating Drawings and Paintings
Abstract: Many artists and new animators work with desktop Mac and PCs at home or in schools and colleges. Great ideas can be well expressed using alternative approaches without resorting to high tech wiz bang special effects. New media and interactive multimedia technical restrictions have forced alternative animators to think big and work small. This talk will focus on practical and conceptual issues at play in working in multimedia. Translating drawings and paintings to multimedia(CD-Rom and web) animations. DIY alternative animation techniques – creating animations with SFX, found sounds and still images for a dynamic medium, and using low tech software (eg Sound Edit 16, PhotoShop, ImageReady and QuickTime VR) on your desktop.
Bio: Kurt Brereton is Adjunct Professor in Computer Based Art & Design at the University of the Sunshine Coast and the at University of Technology, Sydney. Kurt is Managing Director of Spark Interactive and is an internationally represented visual artist, photographer and film maker. email: kurt@spark.com.au
Spiros Tsaousis- The Spatial Logic of Krazy Kat
Abstract: Modernist spatiality evidenced two strains – one orderly, mechanistic, logical and gridbased; the other fluid, dynamic, a transvaluation. However the rational and orderly exhibits the symptoms of anxiety, containing within its formulation the seeds of its unconscious propensity toward disorder and fluidity. Broadly tracing the spatial development of the comic strip from, say, Hogan’s Alley to Little Nemo to Krazy Kat evidences the movement of the medium between the two poles. In this paper I assert that the ‘logic’ of Krazy Kat is made coherent, legible and thematically consistent with appeal to its representation of space and place; and that its spatial presentation – its design and rearrangement of the comics page – is a significant departure from the relatively uniform and stable arrangements of comic strips such as Hogan’s Alley and Little Nemo.
Bio: Spiros Tsaousis has recently completed his thesis, “Disturbance of Distance: Postmodern Spatiality and the Comic Strip, Comic Book and Graphic Novel”. He has presented and published a number of papers on comics.
Adam Possamai-The Social Construction of Comic Books as a (Non) Recognised Form of Art in Australia
Abstract: Even if since the 1990s there is an emergent community of comic book artists, Comic Books in Australia appear to be negatively stigmatised as immature literature in everyday life and in academic spheres. Even if comics started in newspapers as a way to attract working class adults to buy newspapers, and later became a literature form aimed at young readers, this medium has reached its Lettres de Noblesses and has been recognised as an art form since the 1970s in Europe, Japan, and the USA, but NOT – as it appears – in Australia. The aim of this paper is to describe the social construction of comic books as an immature literature in Australia since WW II – that is the way this perception has been structured and/or built by social interaction – while attempting an understanding of the socio-politico-economic conditions in which the comics arise in Australia.
Bio: Adam Possamai lectures in sociology at the University of Western Sydney. His doctoral thesis won the Jean Martin Award for the best PhD in Sociology submitted in Australia during 1998-9. He is currently researching the interrelationship of religion with consumer and popular culture; including comic books.
Note: Jeremy Allen is now known as Jeremy Kerr and Spiros Tsaousis is now Spiros Xenos.
This is the sixth in a series of posts called Archives of Australian Comics History documenting moments in the recent history of Australian comics, particularly alternative comics and the Australian Small Press. I started researching this subject in the late 1990s. That research eventually led to my PhD thesis: Ph.D. Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media and Philosophy, by virtue of the thesis, A Study Of Contemporary Australian Alternative Comics 1992-2000 With Particular Reference To The Work Of Naylor, Smith, Danko And Ord, 2003.
The other posts in Archives of Australian Comics History previously published are: OZCON4, Mind Rot, Sick Puppy Comix, International Exhibition of Drawings, 2011 MCA Zine Fair. Expect others to be added.